Gravity waves are a type of atmospheric wave generated by the displacement of air in the atmosphere. They are caused by sources such as winds flowing over mountains, weather fronts, or thunderstorms. Gravity waves can propagate both vertically and horizontally in the atmosphere, and can impact cloud formation, turbulence, and vertical mixing of the atmosphere. Studying gravity waves is important for understanding atmospheric dynamics, weather patterns, and climate change. Research in this area involves analyzing observations from satellites, weather balloons, and ground stations, as well as using computer models to simulate the behavior of gravity waves in the atmosphere.